POM Class 7 - Part 2: Mohammed Yunus and the Grameen Bank

              Before coming to class we were asked to watch a video. Against all odds – for the first time in my life – I actually completed a homework before going to class!! Of course, there is a good reason why I watched the video. It was a speech by a person I was well aware of – Mohammed Yunus of Grameen Bank, Bangladesh. Before delving into what I learnt in class, I believe a small introduction is required.

          The Grameen Bank is a community development bank started in Bangladesh. They give small loans (known as micro credit or "grameencredit" ) to poor people without asking for collateral.The system of this bank is based on the idea that the poor have skills but have no chance to use their skills without some money, that is their skills are under-utilised. Most of the banks loans go to women.

             The Grameen Bank was started 1976 when Professor Muhammad

Muhammed Yunus at the World Economic Forum

Yunus, a Fulbright scholar and Professor at University of Chittagong, researched how to provide banking for the rural poor. In October 1983, the Grameen Bank Project was made into an independent bank by the government.The group and its first member, Muhammad Yunus, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. Grameen Bank is owned by the people who borrow the money, mostly women. The borrowers own 94% of the bank, and the other 6% is owned by the Government of Bangladesh.

                I am embedding the video we were asked see below. Watch it, it's worth your time. It will also give some context to what happened in class and the key learning I had.

                 Our class did not focus solely on aspects of social business. Instead – being a Principles of Management class – we focused on the difference in style of management and in delivery of product. We started out by discussing the difference between a traditional banking system and the Grameen micro-credit system. For the sake of simplicity, I am tabulating the differences below:

		TRADITIONAL BANKING	GRAMEEN BANK
1.	Purpose	Maximising Profit (Profit Motive)	Reducing Poverty
2.	Collateral	Needed. Without which no loans will be given.	No collateral needed
3.	Ownership	Businessmen – Rich People	By the Poor
4.	Loan Amount	Large Amounts	Very Small Amounts
5.	Type of Lending	To individuals	To small groups of people – Solidarity lending
6.	Type of Interest	Usually Interest is compounded	Simple Interest
7.	People Money given to	In most developing countries there seem to be a bias towards men.	Women are the primary focus. In fact women make up 97% of Grameen Bank Customers
8.	Location	Primarily located in urban areas	Primarily located in rural areas

              In my last blog, I wrote about Management by Objective and Organisational Structure. Both these contribute to another phenomenon – Organisational Culture. Basically, it is the behaviour of humans who are part of an organisation and the meanings that the people attach to their actions. Culture includes the organisation values, visions, norms, working language, systems, symbols, beliefs and habits.

                       The culture at Grameen Bank is to find ways to eradicate poverty. The Managing Director of the bank is not asked, “Why are Profits down?”. Instead he is asked, “How many people have you taken out of poverty today. It is precisely this culture that has allowed the Grameen Bank to achieve so much.

              This is the most important take away from this class. It is the Organisational Culture that motivates employees to perform well. It is the Organisation Culture that affects the way people and groups interact with each other, with clients, and with stakeholders. It is the Organisational Culture that gives the organisation Branding.